Density Calculator

Find density, mass or volume using ρ = m / V, with results in g/cm³, kg/m³ and lb/ft³.

Reviewed by the WorldCalcs team · Methodology · Last reviewed: July 2026

Density

2 g/cm³

Density

2 000 kg/m³

Density

124.8559 lb/ft³

ρ = m / V

What is density?

Density tells you how much mass is packed into a given amount of space. A dense material feels heavy for its size; a light material feels airy. Formally, density is mass divided by volume, written with the Greek letter rho: ρ = m / V. Two objects can be the same size but have very different densities — a block of iron and a block of foam of equal volume weigh wildly different amounts because iron packs far more mass into each cubic centimetre.

The density formula

The three quantities are linked by one simple relationship, so if you know any two you can find the third:

  • Density: ρ = m / V
  • Mass: m = ρ × V
  • Volume: V = m / ρ

The SI unit of density is kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m³), but grams per cubic centimetre (g/cm³) is common in everyday use and chemistry. They convert cleanly: 1 g/cm³ = 1000 kg/m³. In imperial units you'll often see pounds per cubic foot (lb/ft³), where 1 g/cm³ ≈ 62.428 lb/ft³.

Worked example

Suppose a metal sample has a mass of 200 g and a volume of 100 cm³. Divide mass by volume: 200 ÷ 100 = 2.0 g/cm³. That's the same as 2000 kg/m³, or about 124.8559 lb/ft³. Because its density is roughly twice that of water (1.0 g/cm³), a solid piece of this metal would sink.

Common densities (for reference)

These are approximate textbook values at everyday conditions:

  • Air (sea level): ~0.0012 g/cm³ (1.2 kg/m³)
  • Ice: ~0.917 g/cm³ (917 kg/m³)
  • Water: 1.0 g/cm³ (1000 kg/m³)
  • Aluminium: ~2.70 g/cm³ (2700 kg/m³)
  • Iron: ~7.87 g/cm³ (7870 kg/m³)
  • Gold: ~19.3 g/cm³ (19 300 kg/m³)

Anything less dense than the fluid it sits in will float; anything denser will sink. That's why ice floats on water and a gold ring drops straight to the bottom. Weight itself comes from mass and gravity — see Newton's second law for that step, or explore more tools on Math Calculators.

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Results are estimates and may contain errors — for general information only, not professional advice. Always verify before relying on them. Disclaimer

How to use

Pick what you want to find, enter the two known values with their units, and the calculator applies ρ = m / V and rearrangements to solve for the third.

Density results are shown in all three common units — g/cm³, kg/m³ and lb/ft³ — so you can drop the answer straight into whichever context you're working in.

Frequently asked questions

What is the formula for density?+

Density equals mass divided by volume: ρ = m / V. Rearranged, mass is ρ × V and volume is m / ρ, so knowing any two of the three lets you solve for the last one.

What is the density of water?+

Pure water has a density of about 1.0 g/cm³, which is the same as 1000 kg/m³ or roughly 62.4 lb/ft³. This tidy value is why water is often used as the reference point for density and specific gravity.

How do I convert g/cm³ to kg/m³?+

Multiply by 1000. For example, 2.5 g/cm³ becomes 2500 kg/m³. To go the other way, divide kg/m³ by 1000.

What are the units of density?+

The SI unit is kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m³). Grams per cubic centimetre (g/cm³) is common in chemistry, and pounds per cubic foot (lb/ft³) appears in imperial contexts. This calculator shows all three at once.

How do I find mass from density and volume?+

Multiply them: mass = density × volume. Keep the units consistent — for instance, a density in g/cm³ times a volume in cm³ gives mass in grams.

How do I find volume from mass and density?+

Divide mass by density: volume = mass ÷ density. A 500 g sample with a density of 2.5 g/cm³ occupies 500 ÷ 2.5 = 200 cm³.

Is density the same as specific gravity?+

Not quite. Specific gravity is the ratio of a material's density to the density of water, so it has no units. Because water is about 1 g/cm³, the specific gravity of a substance is numerically close to its density in g/cm³.

Why does an object float or sink?+

It comes down to density relative to the surrounding fluid. If the object is less dense than the fluid it displaces, it floats; if it's denser, it sinks. Ice (0.917 g/cm³) floats on water (1.0 g/cm³) for exactly this reason.